Cello Arco Clang
The first string should be very loose almost at a point where there is no pitch when plucked. Please listen the reference sound to adjust the appropriate tension. Triangle note head followed by a thick dashed line. Hold down and bow slowly with some pressure at the indicated area. The two lines of the staff indicate the bridge at the bottom and the beginning of the fingerboard at the top. The space in-between indicates the distance from the bridge to Fingerboard. The left hand most of the time will either hold the instrument or mute the string. 
The sound obtained better at the frog of the arco bow. The further from the frog of the bow the less ‘clangy’ the sound becomes.For soft dynamics you should not apply extra bow pressure or you might need to apply very little pressure in order to obtain the ‘clang’ quality. The “clangs” can range from regular to irregular.
Violin Pizzicato Ferrule Bend
The first string should be very loose almost at a point where there is no pitch when plucked. Please listen the reference sound to adjust the appropriate tension.
The violin is placed straight front only for demonstration purposes. This sound starts with a left hand pizzicato, ordinary note head and ‘+’, the bow is already placed at the ferrule part of it (Ferrule is called the metal ring before the arco, see image below). After producing the left hand pizzicato sound hold-down the bow by pressing the string. This way you can control the tension of the string and therefore the pitch. The clef indicates bow position only ignoring the pitch. The pitch bending is indicated by the thick curvy line. In the case of the thick curvy line the space from the bottom to the top line indicates the frequency range, from the bottom low to the top high frequency.
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